Comparative study of blood coagulation kinetics and thrombus formation by rheological and electrorheological methods: 616.151.4:57.013

Abstract

Summary. Objectives: to study the mechanisms of thrombus formation and thrombodynamic properties of a blood clot during coagulation in vitro and to present a comparative study of clot kinetics formation under conditions of steady and oscillating shear viscometric flow and at electric field by rheological and electrorheological methods; to evaluate the coagulation of whole and preserved blood, its viscoelastic properties and the effect of fibrinogen and dextrans on clot formation. Materials/Methods. The viscosity and electrical conductivity of normal blood and blood preserved with CPD-A1-adenine solution were measured with a Low Shear 30 Contraves (LS30) rotational viscometer with coaxial cylinders and with a copy of the measuring system MS1/1 with builtin electrodes at a steady viscometric shear flow and in an electric field too. The viscoelastic properties of normal whole blood were investigated using a Physica MCR 301 rheometer (Anton Paar, Austria) at an oscillating sinusoidal flow. Results. Kinetics of the dynamic viscosity and electrical conductivity of preserved blood during coagulation at a steady shear flow and at electric field were obtained. The viscoelastic properties of whole blood were investigated under conditions of sinusoidal oscillating viscometric flow. The dependences of the elastic (storage) modulus G' and the loss modulus G'', as well as the normal coagulation forces as a function of time are presented. The effect of fibrinogen and dextran on the elastic modulus G' and the loss modulus G'' of whole blood during coagulation are presented. Conclusions. The kinetics of blood coagulation at low shear rates is characterized by a gradual increase of the apparent viscosity and a decrease in blood conductivity at the initial stage and an exponential increase in viscosity during intensive coagulation and a parallel decrease of conductivity too. It was established that coagulating whole blood exhibit nonlinear viscoelastic properties under conditions of sinusoidal blood flow. The kinetics of thrombus formation is characterized by increasing the elastic modulus G' (storage modulus) and the loss modulus G'' with time. The negative normal force in the gap between the plates is also registered at a constant thickness of the gap. An increase in fibrinogen content accelerates coagulation and increases the values of elastic modulus G' and loss modulus G', as well as of the normal force of coagulating whole blood.

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