Thrombosis-associated and hematologic diseases during COVID-19 pandemic: 616.151.5

Abstract

Summary. Introduction. Although the primary site of COVID-19 infection is the lungs, the cardiovascular system is also significantly involved in the pathological process. Cytokine storm, pulmonary tissue sclerosis, and direct viral infection can induce destructive changes in the myocardium. To date, it remains challenging to assess the true impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Aim: to analyze the prevalence of certain hematological and thrombosis-a ssociated diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. The prevalence of hematologic diseases and circulatory diseases associated with thrombosis, as presented in Form No. 12-Ф of the federal statistical observation, was subjected to analysis. The first group included pre-pandemic COVID-19 incidence for 2016, 2017, and 2019, while the second group included the pandemic COVID-19 incidence for 2020–2022. The data were processed using various statistical methods. Results. A notable increase in diseases associated with hypertension was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic (18032.2; r = 0.55) compared with the pre-pandemic period (13643.5; r = 0.42). There was also an increase in secondary morbidity and a correlation with COVID-19 hypertensive heart disease (14801.1, r = 0.42) during the pandemic period compared to the pre- pandemic period (10730.6, r = 0.35). Among the urban population there was a notable increase in newly diagnosed vein, lymphatic vascular, and lymph node diseases compared with the pre-pandemic period (p = 0.0284). A significant correlation was observed between COVID-19 and the primary incidence of postinfarction cardiosclerosis (r = 0.39; p = 0.0406). During the pandemic period, there was an increase in the secondary incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD), chronic IHD, and cerebrovascular pathologies not associated with COVID-19 infection. Conclusion. The observed increase in diseases characterized by high blood pressure and vein diseases is likely attributable to lifestyle modifications and metabolic syndrome. Similarly, hypertensive heart disease may be attributed to myocardial damage. The correlation between the incidence of postinfarction cardiosclerosis and cardiomyopathies is a matter of concern. During the pandemic, there was no observed correlation between the incidence of IHD, chronic IHD, and cerebrovascular pathologies and COVID-19. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of other thrombosis-a ssociated diseases and hematologic diseases between the groups.

For citation: Mikulyak N. I., Moiseeva I.Ya., Sorokin I.A., Mikhailis A. A. Thrombosis-associated and hematologic diseases during COVID-19 pandemic. Tromboz, gemostaz i reologiya. 2024;(4):29–35. (In Russ.).

 References

1. Shaha K. B., Manandhar D. N., Cho J. R. et al. COVID19 and the heart: what we have learnt so far. Postgrad Med J. 2021;97(1152):655–66. DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj2020138284.
2. Larina V. N., Golovko M. G., Larin V. G. Possible effects of coronavirus infection (COVID19) on the cardiovascular system. Vestnik Rossi jskogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta. 2020;(2):5–13. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24075/vrgmu.2020.020.
3. Mehta P., McAuley D. F., Brown M. et al.; HLH Across Special ity Collaboration, UK. COVID19: consider cytokine storm syn dromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033– 34. DOI: 10.1016/S01406736(20)306280.
4. Cowan L. T., Lutsey P. L., Pankow J. S. et al. Inpatient and outpatient infection as a trigger of cardiovascular disease: the ARIC study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(22): e009683. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009683.
5. Nagai T., Nitta K., Kanasaki M. et al. The biological significance of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition to combat kid ney fibrosis. Clin Exp Nehrol. 2015;19(1):65–74. DOI: 10.1007/ s1015701410003.
6. AbuI smail L., Taha M. J.J., Abuawwad M. T. et al. COVID19 and anemia: what do we know so far? Hemoglobin. 2023;47(3):122–29. DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2236546.
7. Gallo G., Calvez V., Savoia C. Hypertension and COVID19: current evidence and perspectives. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2022;29(2):115–23. DOI: 10.1007/s40292022005069.
8. Vosko I., Zirlik A., Bugger H. Impact of COVID19 on cardiovascular disease. Viruses. 2023;15(2):508. DOI: 10.3390/v15020508.
9. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Lee C. B. Public Statement on the importance of prevention and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome during the COVID19 pandemic. J Obes MetabSyndr. 2021;30(3):194–5. DOI: 10.7570/jomes21064.
10. Nemirova S. V., Rybinskiy A. D., Mukhin A. S., Kukosh A. I. Vein pathology during the COVID19 pandemic. Medicinskij almanah. 2021;(3):14–20. (In Russ.).
11. Goudarzi E., Yousefimoghaddam F., Ramandi A., Khaheshi I. COVID19 and peripheral artery thrombosis: a mini review. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2022;47(10):100992. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcar diol.2021.100992.
12. Mitrani R. D., Dabas N., Goldberger J. J. COVID19 cardiac injury: Implications for longterm surveillance and outcomes in sur vivors. Heart Rhythm. 2020;17(11):1984–90. DOI: 10.1016/j. hrthm.2020.06.026.
13. Giustino G., Croft L. B., Stefanini G. G. et al. Characterization of myocardial injury in patients with COVID19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(18):2043–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.069.
14. Del Prete A., Conway F., Della Rocca D. G. et al. COVID19, acute myocardial injury, and infarction. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2022;14(1):29–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2021.10.004.
15. Shah R. M., Shah M., Shah S. et al. Takotsubo syndrome and COVID19: associations and implications. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2021;46(3):100763. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100763.
16. Sagris D., Papanikolaou A., Kvernland A. et al. COVID19 and ischemic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(11):3826–36. DOI: 10.1111/ ene.15008.